Dec 01, 2003 · In addition to β-carotene, also zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene, all of which are detected in human serum and tissues, belong to the group of highly active quenchers of 1 O 2. The most efficient carotenoid is the open ring carotenoid lycopene, which contributes up to 30% to total carotenoids in humans ( Di Mascio et al., 1989 ).
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