Within a couple of years, however, carnosine was appearing everywhere: in supplements, eye drops, and skin creams -- all promoting its anti-aging benefits. And for awhile, people bought lots of it. But then three things happened. See full list on L-carnosine (AKA carnosine), a naturally occurring combination of two amino acids, was discovered in Russia in the early 1900s. Because much of the pioneering research was done in Russia, it was largely unavailable to the rest of the world until a number of studies and experiments in other parts of the world began verifying those studies -- and more. See full list on Most notably, there were a series of astonishing experiments done in Australia that proved that carnosine rejuvenates cells as they approach senescence (the stage just before death where a cell is still alive, but essentially non-functional). The studies showed that cells cultured with carnosine lived longer and retained their youthful appearance and growth patterns. What's probably the most exciting result of the studies is that it was discovered that carnosine can actually reverse the signs of aging in senescent cells. In one study, when scientists transferred senescent cells to a culture medium containing carnosine, those cells exhibited a rejuvenated appearance and often an enhanced capa to divide.1,2 When they transferred the cells back to a medium lacking carnosine, the signs of senescence quickly reappeared. Bease was an astounding 300%. The cells transferred to the carnosine medium attained a life span of 413 days, compared to just 126 to 139 days for the control cells. A Russian study on mice subsequently showed that mice given carnosine are twice as likely to reach their maximum lifespan as untreated mice.3,4 Carnosine also significantly reduces the outward \\"signs of old age.\\" In addition, cancer researchers are starting to identify how carnosine's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities may not only play a chemoprotective role, but actually help protect against cancer itself. How? First, as just mentioned in the paragraph above, carnosine helps block DNA damage that can lead to transformation of healthy cells into maligt cells.26 In addition, it has demonstrated a significant ability to both inhibit tumor growth27 as well as the metastasis of existing cancers.28 In yet another confirmation of carnosine's ability to protect against damages from excess levels of sugar and alcohol in the bloodstream, a study published in the June issue of Toxicology and Industrial Health has shown that supplementation with carnosine is effective for both preventing and repairing biochemical alterations and morphologic damage in the liver caused by exposure to alcohol.29 In other words, regular supplementation with carnosine might be worth considering if you're prone to regularly party down. See full list on As they switched the cells back and forth several times between the culture media, they consistently observed that the carnosine medium restored the juvenile cell phenotype within days, whereas the standard culture medium brought back the senescent cell phenotype. In aeased cell life span -- even for old cells. When the researchers took old cells that had already gone through 55 divisions and transferred them to the carnosine medium, they survived up to 70 divisions, compared to only 57 to 61 divisions for the cells that were not transferred. See full list on Another important difference between the treated and the untreated mice was in their behavior. Only 9% of the untreated mice behaved youthfully in old age, versus 58% of the carnosine treated mice. That's a 600% improvement in how they felt. See full list on Glycation is the uncontrolled reaction of sugars with proteins. It's kind of like what happens to sugars when you heat them and they caramelize. In effect, glycation is what happens when excess sugars and/or alcohols caramelize the proteins in your body. It's a major factor in the aging process -- and it's particularly devastating to diabetics. Your body is mostly made up of proteins. In fact, proteins are the substances most responsible for the daily functioning of your body. That's why anything that causes protein deterioration has such a dramatic impact on the body's function and appearance. It should be noted that although still \\"unproven,\\" the beta-amyloid connection to Alzheimer's is nevertheless the domit theory as to its primary cause. The mainstay of the amyloid ß-protein hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease is that a gradual and chronic imbalance in the production versus the clearance of Aß leads to a slow rise in its steady state levels in brain tissue. This leads to beta-amyloid plaque accumulation and subsequently, to the complex molecular and cellular changes associated with the disease.9 Thus anything that helps inhibit excess beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain -- or even better, helps remove it -- is likely to be Alzheimer's protective. See full list on Thanks largely to the destructive effect of sugar and aldehydes (compounds formed by the oxidation of alcohol), the protein in our bodies tends to undergo destructive changes as we age. This destruction is a prime factor, not only in the aging process itself, but also in the familiar signs of aging such as wrinkling skin, cataracts, and the destruction of our nervous system -- particularly our brains. Studies show that carnosine is effective against all these forms of protein modification. As I said, aging is associated with damage to cellular proteins. But carnosine protects cellular proteins from damage in at least two ways. See full list on Both of these processes have important implications for anti-aging therapy. The key is that carnosine not only prevents damaging cross-links from forming, it eliminates cross-links that have previously formed in proteins, thus restoring normal membrane function in cells. See full list on Carnosine has been proven to reduce or completely prevent cell damage caused by beta-amyloid (AKA amyloid-beta, amyloid ß-protein, and Aß), one of the prime suspected protein risk factors for Alzheimer's. The presence of beta-amyloid leads to damage of the nerves and arteries of the brain. Carnosine blocks and inactivates beta-amyloid.8 In effect, it protects neural tissues against dementia. The key is that carnosine not only prevents damaging cross-links from forming in proteins, it eliminates cross-links that have previously formed in those proteins, thus restoring normal membrane function in cells. This is true not only in the brain, but in all the ouded. Keep in mind that the damage you see in the skin is not just a cosmetic question. That damage is absolutely an indicator of the kinds of damage happening to everuding your eyes and your brain. A recent study found that there is evidence that the release of carnosine from skeletal muscle during physical exercise affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological functions. In particular, carnosine positively impacts the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that supply energy to the adrenal glands, liver, kidney, pancreas, stomach, and white and brown fat tissues, thereby causing beneficial changes in blood pressure, blood glucose, appetite, lipolysis, and the thermogenic burning of fat.15 In summary, carnosine lowers elevated blood sugar levels, improves insulin production and sensitivity, and promotes the loss of weight and body fat. And if this were not enough, studies have shown that people who are diabetic or even pre-diabetic have lower-than-normal carnosine levels in both their muscle and brain cells -- levels about 63% below normal, which is similar to levels found in people in their 70's.16 The bottom line is that in addition to its life extension benefits, L-carnosine is beginning to emerge as an indispensible supplement for diabetics. It not only helps control primary factors in the onset of diabetes, but it also protects against diabetic echo effects such as organ protein degradation, loss of kidney function,17,18 damage to the eyes,19 neuropathy,20 and cardiovascular damage21,22 -- not to mention actually helping the heart muscle contract more efficiently.23 In a study published just last month, treatment with L-carnosine enhanced wound healing significantly. In addition,eased expression of growth factors and cytokines genes involved in wound healing.24 And even further, in vitro analysis of human dermal fibroblasts (the cells that promote skin healing) and microvascular-endothelial cells (the cells responsible for regenerating new blood vessels after eases cell viability in the presence of high glucose. But this is not only important for diabetics. In fact, wound care for the elderly in long term and acute care facilities is often extremely difficult -- not to mention very costly for the facilities involved. Again, the connection between seniors in general and people with diabetes is the dramatically lower levels of carnosine in their cells shared by both groups. In other words, the benefits in wound healing experienced by diabetic patients is likely to be seen by the general senior population as well. See full list on Carnosine has the remarkable ability to throttle down bodily processes that are in a state of excess, and to ramp up those that are under expressed. For example, carnosine thins the blood of people whose bloeases the clotting tendency in those with a low clotting index.10 See full list on Another example is that carnosine suppresses excess immune responses in those who have \\"hyper\\" immune systems, whereas it stimulates the immune response in those with weakened immune systems -- such as the aged.11 This is a critical benefit for people with allergies and people with autoimmune disorders. See full list on And that's where things stood when I first wrote ab then, the evidence of carnosine's benefits has continued to pour in. For example, a 2010 study published in Rejuvenation Research found that adding carnosine to the diet ease in the average life span of male flies.14 Curiously, it had no effect on the lifespan of female flies -- until water-soluble vitamin E was also added. At that point, female fliesease in longevity. Although fruit flies are not human beings, this study confirms observations already seen in human subjects. Note: the reason for using fruit flies as test subjects is that their short lifespan allows for quick obseeases lifespan or not. By itself, this study may not mean a lot, but when analyzed in the context of the following studies, it's extremely powerful. See full list on The protective effects of carnosine in mouse bone marrow cells against damage to their genetic structure caused by the chemotherapy drug cyclophospde were reported in the April issue of Cell Biochemistry and Function.25 In the study, mice were injected with solutions of carnosine at different doses for five consecutive days. On the fifth day of treatment, mice were injected with the highly toxic chemotherapy drug, cyclophospde. Blood cells and bone marrow were then examined. Carnosine significantly reduced both damage to blood cells and bone marrow toxi normally induced by cyclophospde. It appears that the antioxidant capabilities of carnosine reduced the oxidative stress and genotoxi induced by the chemotherapy drug. See full list on The second key fact is that more recent studies have shown that carnosine levels are actually significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease than in people without those problems.33 This might indicate either a carnosine deficiency that allows for the onset of the diseases (remember that carnosine levels are dramatically lower in pre-diabetics, diabetics, and the elderly) or that the diseases themselves exhaust the carnosine supplies in the brain. Or both together! Either way, numerous studies now point to the role carnosine might play in both protecting the brain from Alzheimer's and even Parkinson's disease, for that matter.34,35 Even more exciting, sufficient supplementation with carnosine may even play a role in helping to reverse at least some of that damage. See full list on Make no mistake L-carnosine may no longer be \\"new\\" news. And it may no longer be trendy but it still ranks as one of the most important anti-aging supplements available to us today. Not only is it protective for all of the long-term conditions mentioned above, but it is probably the single supplement most likely to produce a visible \\"youthening\\" of your appearance in the shortest possible time -- three to six months. See full list on Note: I still recommend using a carnosine formula similar to the one I put togudes DMAE and Acetyl-l-carnitine to help remove the lipofuscin produced in the body as a side effect of carnosine's protective action. Over the years, I've tweaked and refined the ratios of the ingredients in the formula based on hands on results, but its essence has remained unchangedbecause it works. See full list on
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